El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is the smallest and most densely populated country in Central America. The capital and largest city is San Salvador. The estimated population in 2025 is about 6.4 million people. El Salvador's geography is marked by two volcanic mountain ranges and a coastal plain along the Pacific.

Spanish is the official language, and the population consists mainly of mestizos, with Roman Catholicism widely practiced. The country’s economy is developing and is based on services, trade, manufacturing, and agriculture, with important exports like coffee and sugarcane. Remittances from Salvadorans abroad are a significant source of national income.

El Salvador has a history of political turmoil, civil war (ending in 1992), and social inequality, but it is a republic and has experienced economic and social reforms in recent decades.