Ilha Grande

Rio de Janeiro (state), Brazil

Ilha Grande, located off the coast of Angra dos Reis in the state of Rio de Janeiro, is a lush, mountainous island that offers a rare blend of ecological richness and historical intrigue. Spanning approximately 193 square kilometers, it is part of the Atlantic Forest biome and is recognized as one of the most pristine remnants of this endangered ecosystem.

Over 87% of the island is protected through various conservation units, including the Ilha Grande State Park and the Praia do Sul Biological Reserve, ensuring the preservation of its dense rainforests, mangroves, and crystal-clear beaches. The island’s biodiversity is staggering, with endemic species of birds, mammals, and marine life thriving in its varied habitats.

Historically, Ilha Grande has served many roles — from a leper colony to a notorious maximum-security prison, the Cândido Mendes Penal Colony, which was closed in 1994. These layers of history add a mysterious allure to the island, contrasting with its current identity as a peaceful, car-free haven for ecotourism and outdoor adventure.

The main village, Vila do Abraão, serves as the gateway for visitors, offering modest accommodations, local eateries, and access to trails that lead to secluded beaches and forested peaks. Among the island’s most celebrated natural attractions are Praia de Lopes Mendes, known for its powdery white sand and surf-friendly waves, and Pico do Papagaio, a challenging hike that rewards climbers with panoramic views of the island and surrounding sea.

Ilha Grande’s charm lies in its deliberate simplicity — there are no cars, no high-rise hotels, and limited internet access, allowing visitors to disconnect and immerse themselves in nature. Whether kayaking through mangrove channels, snorkeling in the Lagoa Azul, or tracing the footsteps of history in Dois Rios, the island offers a deeply immersive experience.