Matera Sassi

Matera, Basilicata, Italy

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The Sassi of Matera, located in Basilicata, Italy, are among the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the world, with human presence dating back more than 9,000 years. These ancient neighborhoods consist of houses, churches, and caves carved directly into soft limestone called tuff, creating a unique urban landscape where roofs of some homes serve as streets for others above.

Originally formed as prehistoric cave dwellings, the Sassi later developed into a complex community with multi-level stone homes and rock-cut churches, blending naturally with the rugged terrain around the Gravina ravine.

For many centuries, the Sassi remained home to people living in simple conditions, but by the mid-20th century, the area was considered overcrowded and unhealthy, leading the government to relocate most residents to modern housing.

Since the 1980s, however, restoration efforts supported by UNESCO have transformed the Sassi into a vibrant cultural and tourist destination. Today, the area shows how an ancient community adapted to its environment over millennia, preserving many historical structures while supporting new life through museums, hotels, and shops.

The Sassi of Matera stand as a remarkable example of human history, architectural ingenuity, and the harmonious relationship between people and nature.