Trapezitsa Fortress

Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Bulgaria

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Trapezitsa Fortress is a medieval stronghold on Trapezitsa Hill in Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, forming the second major citadel of the Second Bulgarian Empire's capital alongside Tsarevets.

Fortifications began in the late 12th century with major expansions in the 13th-14th centuries, featuring thick stone walls up to 6-8 meters high, 12 gates including a main southeastern entrance linked by bridge to Tsarevets, defensive towers, and over 470 excavated structures like residences for nobility, military complexes, and 18 richly decorated churches with frescoes and mosaics.

Naturally protected by the Yantra River's meanders and high cliffs, it served as an aristocratic and spiritual center until the 1393 Ottoman conquest, with archaeological work starting in 1879 revealing its cultural splendor. Now an open-air museum with restored walls and churches, it offers panoramic city views and ongoing excavations.