Zahhak Castle

Iran, Iran

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Zahhak Castle (قلعه ضحاک) is a historic fortress located in Hashtrud County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, with origins dating back to around 2000 BCE.

It is associated with the ancient Persian tribes of the Mannaeans and Medes, and later used during the Parthian, Sasanian, and early Islamic periods. The castle is renowned for its distinctive red brick construction and extensive size, spanning about 10 square kilometers on a mountain in the Surmeli range.

It likely served multiple roles as a military stronghold, religious sanctuary possibly dedicated to the goddess Anahita, and an administrative center. Zahhak Castle features architectural elements such as a well-preserved chahartaqi dome typical of Zoroastrian temples, high walls, towers, deep wells, cisterns, and secret tunnels. Its striking location amidst mountains, rivers, and green plains makes it both a cultural landmark and a natural attraction.

Contemporary efforts focus on restoring the site while respecting its authenticity, aiming to promote sustainable tourism and preserve its deep historical and mythological significance for future generations.